Function Φ(L, z, NH)

• Bending powerlaw, evolving parameters
• LDDE (Ueda+03, Ueda+14)
• LADE (Aird+10)
• FLDE (Aird+15)
• New: Non-parametric approach
• Vmax estimators – binning is problematic
• Our approach: smooth 3D field Φ(L, z, NH)
• need smoothness prior:
• at each NH, z: slope or flat. Across: flat